COVID-19 is without a doubt a tragedy, causing an innumerable loss to both public health and the general economy. Whilst the vast majority are reeling from the devastating impact the pandemic has on their livelihood, it is irrefutable that a privileged few found themselves a beneficiary of this economic downfall. One famous Thai monk quipped “COVID is a gift” and has since been under fire for his apparent disregard to the working class whose jobs and income all but disappeared because of the government-imposed lockdown. However, for many, COVID is, at least, an opportunity. In particular, the pharmaceutical industry, which has long been viewed as a rather mercenary business, scrupulously fending for their profits at the expense of affordable medicines, is now the beacon of hope to deliver the world its much-needed coronavirus vaccine.
There are 135 vaccine development programs currently being pursued worldwide. Needless to say, the competition is fierce, and the prospect winner-take-all. Many companies collaborate with large academic institutions to lend their manufacturing and logistical support while relying on the latter’s science and clinical trials. In the UK, two biggest drug companies, AstraZeneca and GSK, joined the international race to claim the first COVID-19 vaccine. AstraZeneca was picked by the investigators at Oxford to provide the platform for industrial-scale production of millions of doses of ChAdOx1, their vaccine candidate. Brimming with the hope that this novel technology, an adenovirus-based vaccine delivery system, will bear fruit, the Oxford-AstraZeneca team doubled down on ChAdOx1 which recently secured Present Trump’s financial support worth billions of dollars. They are now running phase II and III trials concomitantly with the view to deliver the first doses in October. Nevertheless, there is one important concern; the adenovirus-base technology has been around for more than three decades and featured in numerous trials both in the gene therapy and vaccine space, but there has yet to be a single successful product. Many critics are sounding a cautionary note that despite taking a shorter time to procure a designer vaccine, the adenovirus-based vector is much less potent at stimulating the human’s immune response. Therefore, the hurdle for ChAdOx1 remains high, and it will be nothing short of a scientific wonder if the team manages to materialize an effective vaccine.
GSK, on the other hand, went old-school. It casts its net wide and partners with 3 different programs in 3 continents, pledging to provide its proprietary adjuvant for the protein-based vaccine each institution is developing. The 3 programs are in their incipient stages and hence received much less coverage by the press compared to ChAdOx1. However, protein-based vaccines are a well-tested mode of immunization with many predecessors still in use worldwide including hepatitis, pneumonia and meningitis vaccines. It remains to be seen which company will emerge victoriously, but hopefully, we will find out relatively soon.