ซาราห์ ซาร์ทจี บาร์ทแมน
Sarah 'Saartjie' Baartman
1775 -1815 , South Africa
เหยื่อสตรีจากแอฟริกา ผู้ถูกชาวยุโรปกระทำอย่างไร้ศักดิ์ศรีของความเป็นมนุษย์โดยการนำร่างกายของเธอออกแสดงความประหลาดทางเพศที่มีสะโพกใหญ่ รวมกับบรรดาสัตว์
200 ปีต่อมา บัดนี้ร่างของซาราห์ ซารทจี บารทแมน จึงได้กลับสู่มาตุภูมิ โดย การขอของ ปธน.เนลสัน แมนดาลาเมื่อ ปธน.
ฟรองซัวส์ มิตเเตร์รอง ไปเยือนเซาท์ แอฟริกาในปี 1994 ....https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/30/world/exploited-in-life-and-death-south-african-to-go-home.html
"....Sarah Baartman was a Khoisan woman born in the vicinity of the Gamtoos River in what is now the Eastern Cape, South Africa, some time before 1790.
Orphaned in a commando raid, she passed into the hands of Dutch farmers near Cape Town as a slave. In 1810 she was taken to London, where she was exhibited as a freak show attraction under the name of the 'Hottentot Venus'. Attention focused on her enlarged buttocks (steatopygia) and elongated labia minora, a purported feature of some Khoisan women that excited much speculation in early modern Europe.
She was later sold and taken to France, where she was exhibited by an animal trainer, Regu, and was the subject of several 'scientific paintings'. Sarah Baartman died on 29 December 1815 of an inflammatory ailment, possibly smallpox.
An autopsy was conducted and published by the French anatomist Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, and republished by the naturalist Georges Cuvier.
Her skeleton, preserved genitalia and brain were placed on display in the Musée de l'Homme in Paris, until they were removed from public view and stored in 1974.
When the African National Congress came to power in South Africa in 1994, President Nelson Mandela formally requested the return of the remains of Sarah Baartman. After much legal wrangling in the French National Assembly, France acceded to the request on 6 March 2002.
Her remains were repatriated, and on 9 August 2002 - National Women's Day in South Africa - reburied on Vergaderingskop, a hill outside the town of Hankey in the Eastern Cape.
Which is about as much as I, and most South Africans, know about Sarah Baartman, and as much as one can get from Wikipedia, the source for this account.
The Wikipedia entry is itself based on a fine, recent biography of Sarah Baartman by Clifton Crais and Pamela Scully (2009). The entry concludes by noting that Sarah Baartman has become an icon in post-apartheid South Africa, "representative of many aspects of the nation's history".
....
.....It does not list these aspects, but we might do so here: the genocide of the Cape San, racial slavery, extreme forms of objectification, the violence of colonial and imperial representational economies, the simultaneous sexualisation and degradation of black bodies, the twin poles of fear and desire around which colonialist discourse spins its accounts. And that should be that. The reburial of Sarah Baartman marks an ending, a closing of the circle.
The formal environment of the graveside, in an appropriately inspirational setting, both directs our responses and contains the energies released by her life and melancholy afterlife.
With a designated site in which to remember Sarah Baartman (we might say), we are free to forget her, which is how most shrines and memorials work in their particular relational economy of remembering and forgetting. Except that material worlds are messier, more difficult to contain, and the encounters that they enable are less predictable....."
In 2015, Cacadu District was renamed for Saartjie "Sarah" Baartman (1789–1815), a Khoikhoi woman who was taken to London to perform at freak shows and after her death her remains were exhibited until 1974.
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Sarah Baartman District Municipality.
Sarah Baartman old: Cacadu
Municipal code DC10
28 more rows
https://en.m.wikipedia.org › wiki
Sarah Baartman District Municipality - Wikipedia
www.pinterst.com
Charles Matthews, a comedian who lived in London at the time of Sarah’s station there, recorded his observations of visitors who came to view her. “One pinched her; one gentleman poked her with his cane; one lady employed her parasol to ascertain that all was, as she called it, ‘nattral,” he wrote. 👇
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