Manner Of Articulation
Manner of articulation in linguistics refers to the way the vocal tract is configured and how airflow is manipulated to produce different sounds, specifically consonants. It's a key concept in phonetics, the branch of linguistics that deals with the physical sounds of speech.
Plosives: Complete airflow blockage and release (e.g., [p], [b]).
Nasals: Airflow through the nose (e.g., [m], [n]).
Fricatives: Air forced through a narrow channel (e.g., [f], [s]).
Affricates: Plosive release into a fricative (e.g., [tʃ], [dʒ]).
Approximants: Narrowing of the vocal tract without turbulent airflow (e.g., [w], [j]).
Lateral Approximants: Airflow around the sides of the tongue (e.g., [l]).
Trills: Articulator vibration in the airstream (e.g., rolled [r]).
Flaps/Taps: Quick, singular contact of the articulator (e.g., American English 't' in 'water').
These methods, combined with different places in the mouth where sounds are made, create a variety of consonant sounds in languages.
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